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1.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 83(3): 1-10, June 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-957610

ABSTRACT

background: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable morbidity and death. It is important to know the characteristics of smoking habits among physicians and their attitude toward patients who smoke. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of smoking among physicians in Argentina, the factors associated with tobacco consumption and their attitude toward their patients who smoke. Methods: An observational cross- sectional study was performed between June and December 2013 in Argentine physicians of dif-ferent specialties. Using a structured survey, the following variables were analyzed: associated cardiovascular risk factors, charac-teristics of tobacco consumption, smoking cessation training and the attitude toward the patient who smokes. results: 3,033 physicians were surveyed, ; 57% were men, and mean age was 41.3±12 years; 19.7% were current smokers and 21.7% were former smokers. The probability of being a smoker was higher among surgeons (OR 1.29) or physicians working at the emergency room (OR 1.41). Undergraduate and postgraduate tobacco cessation training was achieved by 36.6% and 40.8% of physicians, respectively. Young physicians, clinical specialties or private practice were associated with higher level of training. Tobacco cessation counseling was more frequent in physicians with higher level of training than physicians who smoked or surgeons. Former smokers presented higher prevalence of risk factors and cardiovascular events. Family history of smoking habit was more common in former smokers and current smokers. Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking among Argentine physicians is high. Different factors are involved in the probability of smoking, tobacco cessation training or the possibility of medical counseling. Higher level of training in smoking cessation must be provided.

2.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 113(2): 106-113, abr. 2015. graf, tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: lil-750444

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Existe escasa información sobre la edad de comienzo del tabaquismo entre los adolescentes y su continuación en la edad adulta. El objetivo fue estudiar la influencia del tabaquismo en la adolescencia para predecir la prevalencia de consumo durante la adultez mediante modelos de simulación. Material y métodos. Se exploraron cinco modelos sobre la base de las tasas de iniciación y consumo de tabaco de 421 adolescentes. Tras las simulaciones de distintos escenarios, se obtuvieron las tasas esperadas de tabaquismo en adultos y se las comparó con las observadas en una muestra de validación de 1218 adultos. Resultados. Los modelos predijeron adecuadamente las tasas de tabaquismo en adultos al contrastarlos con datos de la muestra de validación (Markov: 37,6% versus 34,5%, p= 0,109; y simulación dinámica: 32,0% versus 34,5%, p= 0,197). La simulación mostró que el consumo de, por lo menos, un cigarrillo al mes en la adolescencia fue suficiente para predecir las tasas de consumo en adultos. La eliminación del consumo en la adolescencia podría reducir la tasa de fumadores en adultos entre 12,2 y 16,2%. Conclusiones. Los modelos sobre consumo de tabaco en la adolescencia predijeron adecuadamente la proporción de tabaquistas entre los adultos. Los escenarios de restricción de la edad de inicio del consumo mostraron las reducciones esperadas en las tasas de tabaquismo en adultos. Aunque no se valoró en este estudio, restringir el consumo en los jóvenes ayudaría a proteger su salud y probablemente tendría un impacto para disminuir la mortalidad asociada al tabaquismo en los adultos.


Introduction. There is little information about the age of onset of smoking among adolescents and its continuation into adulthood. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of tobacco use during adolescence to predict the prevalence of adult smoking using simulation models. Material and Methods. Five models were examined based on initiation and tobacco use rates among 421 adolescents. After simulating different scenarios, expected adult tobacco use rates were obtained and compared to those observed in a validation sample made up of 1218 adults. Results. Models adequately predicted adult smoking rates by comparing them to data obtained using the validation sample (Markov: 37.6% versus 34.5%, p = 0.109; dynamic simulation: 32.0% versus 34.5%, p = 0.197). The simulation demonstrated that smoking, at least, one cigarette per month during adolescence sufficed to predict adult tobacco use rates. Eliminating tobacco use during adolescence may reduce the rate of tobacco use among adults by 12.2-16.2%. Conclusions. Adolescent tobacco use models adequately predicted the proportion of smokers among adults. Scenarios of restriction regarding the age of onset of tobacco use showed the expected reductions in the rates of tobacco use among adults. Although it was not evaluated in this study, restricting tobacco use among adolescents may help to protect their health and would probably have an impact on the reduction of tobacco-associated mortality among adults.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Tobacco Use Disorder , Adolescent , Tobacco Use
3.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 110(6): 474-482, dic. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-662127

ABSTRACT

Introduction. The objective was to study different social networks of adolescents regarding the use of tobacco, alcohol use or obesity, in order to know to what extent friends and schoolmates influenced them in keeping or quitting these habits. Materials and Methods. Two hundred and ninety six adolescents aged 14-18 years attending an urban school in the province of Buenos Aires were surveyed and clinically studied. Information was obtained on anthropometric parameters, tobacco and alcohol use and friendship relations were assessed so as to construct different social networks. Results: 18.8% of female adolescents and 16.5% of male adolescents were smokers; 23.3 and 39.4% drank alcohol and 15.3 and 19.0% were overweight. The networks showed that both smokers and alcohol users have close connections and a high level of centrality. The analysis showed that there is a strong affinity among people sharing the same habits. Conclusions. The study of adolescent social networks allowed to show the relation of affinity among people having the habit of smoking, alcohol use or presenting obesity. Both smokers and alcohol users are closely connected in the network, while obese adolescents seem to stay marginal. Knowledge on social networks and the possibility of working on their members could be used to disseminate healthy behaviors among adolescents.


Introducción. El objetivo fue estudiar las estructuras de distintas redes sociales de adolescentes con respecto a la presencia de tabaquismo, consumo de alcohol y obesidad, para conocer las vías de influencia que pudieran ejercer las amistades sobre el mantenimiento o cesación de estos hábitos. Material y métodos. Mediante una encuesta y mediciones directas se realizó un estudio observacional y transversal en 296 adolescentes de entre 14 y 18 años de una escuela de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Se obtuvo información sobre parámetros antropométricos, tabaquismo, consumo de alcohol y sobre las relaciones de amistades entre los encuestados, a fin de construir las redes sociales. Resultados. El 18,8% de las mujeres y el 16,5% de los varones fumaban, el 23,3% y el 39,4% consumían alcohol y el 15,3% y el 19,0% presentaban sobrepeso, respectivamente. Las redes construidas mostraron que tanto los tabaquistas como los consumidores de alcohol tenían un alto grado de conexión y centralidad en la red. El análisis de afinidad demostró que la formación de conglomerados favorece el contacto entre quienes tienen los mismos hábitos. Conclusiones. El estudio de redes sociales de adolescentes permitió conocer las relaciones de afinidad entre quienes presentaban hábitos de consumo de tabaco o alcohol, u obesidad. Tanto los fumadores como los bebedores parecen estar estrechamente enlazados en la red, mientras que los obesos ocuparían una ubicación más marginal. El conocimiento de la conformación de las redes sociales y la intervención sobre sólo algunos de sus actores podrían usarse para propagar conductas saludables entre los adolescentes.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Smoking/epidemiology , Argentina , Cross-Sectional Studies , Schools , Social Support , Urban Health
4.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 108(1): 45-54, feb. 2010. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-542471

ABSTRACT

Evaluar los hábitos de alimentación, actividad física y consumo de tabaco y alcohol en adolescentes escolarizados de la provincia y el conurbano bonaerenses, para obtener información sobre factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional transversal en adolescentes de 11-16 años de 12 escuelas urbanas y rurales, públicas y privadas de la provincia de Buenos Airs. Se realizaron encuestas anónimas que incluyeron datos demográficos de alimentación, actividad física, tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol. Resultados. Se encuestaron 1230 adolescentes, 46 por ciento de zonas rurales. El 42,5 por ciento se alimentaba prudentemente para controlar el peso. El 92 por ciento realizaba actividad física al menos 1 h por semana. Fumaba el 29,3 por cientoy el 38,4 por ciento consumía alcohol. Las mujeres se cuidaban más en la alimentación (46,3 por ciento contra 37,7 por ciento; p= 0,003) y fueron más fumadoras (32,6 por ciento contra 25,2 por ciento; p= 0,005). El consumo de alcohol por parte del mejor amigo (OR: 8,27; p menor 0,001...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Child , Female , Alcohol Drinking , Evaluation Study , Feeding Behavior , Motor Activity , Data Collection , Tobacco Use Disorder , Cross-Sectional Studies , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Observational Studies as Topic
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